Dumb Question: does your phone actually have the Android Market app installed?
At the risk of something weird happening:
http://www.appchina.com/soft_detail_172541_0_10.htmlAppchina is apparently the biggest China-based app store (with all apps offered for free, aka pirated), and the link above is to Android Market 3.4.4 app. It can be downloaded to pc (and transferred to phone) or to phone directly (somehow). I assume it will follow the language settings on your phone (and thus present in English), and potentially includes no malware at all, though currently there is no way to check. You may have to root to install.
At the risk of even more weirdness, because I'm not sure downloading just the Market is enough:
A Google Apps suite package at Rapidsharewhich may or may not be device-specific.
BUT ALL THAT ASIDE...What I really hope is this whole problem will be solved by flashing a non-Chinese rom.
It appears that the problem you are having is one that anyone buying a non-import Android phone in China will now have (and I'm thinking about getting a Galaxy Nexus, so....) Are you still using the HK firmware? Try out almost any other country version and the Google apps will presumably be pre-installed.
Alt-alternatively... try out Cyanogen. For the Galaxy S II, the Cyanogen mod is buggy but good enough to be called
a release candidate. And, once you have it, you can also download
the appropriate Gapps package.
For preference, a commercial firmware will probably be nicer to use, but Cyanogen gives you geek cred. (And it gave me Gingerbread when HTC didn't.)
And ETA: according to the notes on
Cyanogen's gapps page, the
gapps for CyanogenMod 7 and other Gingerbread ROMs is "is DPI and architecture-independent, so all devices now use the same Universal package." Presumably it can used on any Gingerbread phone and will give you the Market and assorted other useful Google-things.