"According to the strictest letter of the law, you need to arrive in China with a Z-visa in your passport in order to work legally. Only schools licensed by the SAFEA (State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs) are authorized to hire foreign experts and this license is not easy to come by.
True!
The only good way to enter China to teach is on Z-visa issued in your own country.1. you know you have legal status to live and work in your school for a period of 30 dayys while arrangements are made for your FEC and Residence Permit
2. you know that your employer has legal authority to employ a foreign teacher
If you find yourself in a dumb visa situation Hong Kong is sometimes an option for getting a Z-visaThis option comes and goes according to the whim of the authorities; any national event (2008 Olympic Games/2011 Universade) is likely to result in a tightening of the system requirements, or even its closure as an option. In any case:
1. only citizens of certain countries can use this option
2. you still need the 2 legal documents from your employer to show that yours is a valid application
Note: It is possible at this time to get a Z-visa in Hong Kong. At the end of 2010 I was issued a Z-visa after submitting all the required documents.
If you teach in China on an L or F visa you are playing Russian Roulette and will always be at risk of getting expelled from ChinaWhile some people can live with that scenario it is not a good option for anyone who is here for the long haul.
If you end up in a job that does not deliver an FEC and Residence Permit I suggest:
1. stop reading stories about how an employer used guanxi to get a foreign teacher a visa
2. stop looking for loopholes in a system that is not administered rationally
3. get out of the job and into one that can get you legal authority to teach in China
4. if this is not possible then bite the bullet; go home and apply for a job that will give you a Z-visa to enter China legally
I wish people would stop using the word 'convert' in relation to visas. There is no such thing as conversion of visas - you either have one or you have another.
If you decide to change to another visa category the process goes something like:
1. they cancel the old visa
2. they issue a new visa ... if you meet the criteria of of the new category
Even a Z-visa does not convert into a Residence Permit. It just gives you 30 days to make the arrangements required for an application - Medical Examination, issuance of FEC, employers authority documentation, etc